Consider your pet's fitness level, age, breed, and previous experience. Start with these guidelines: 1) Distance should not exceed your pet's typical daily walk by more than 50% initially. 2) Terrain should match your pet's physical capabilities puppies, seniors, and short-nosed breeds struggle with steep climbs. 3) Temperature extremes require shorter distances. 4) Watch for signs of fatigue: lagging behind, excessive panting, seeking shade, or lying down. When in doubt, choose easier trails and work up gradually.

First, stay calm and assess the situation. For minor injuries: Clean wounds with antiseptic, apply pressure to bleeding, bandage if possible. For serious injuries: 1) Prevent further injury by immobilizing the area. 2) Keep your pet warm and calm. 3) If possible, carry your pet out or create an emergency stretcher (use a jacket or blanket between two poles). 4) Contact emergency services or park rangers if available. 5) Know the location for evacuation. Always carry a basic first aid kit and know how to use it.

1) Keep pets leashed at all times in wildlife areas. 2) Avoid dawn/dusk hiking when predators are most active. 3) Make noise while hiking to alert wildlife of your presence. 4) Carry bear spray and know how to use it. 5) Never allow pets to approach or chase wildlife. 6) Store food properly at campsites. 7) Learn to recognize signs of recent wildlife activity (tracks, scat). 8) If you encounter wildlife, keep your pet close, back away slowly, and never run. For more detailed wildlife safety, visit the National Park Service pet guidelines.

Use the "rule of 150": Add the temperature (°F) and humidity percentage. If the sum exceeds 150, it's potentially dangerous. Generally: Below 70°F: Generally safe with proper hydration. 70-85°F: Use caution, provide frequent water/rest, avoid midday heat. 85-90°F: Significant risk, shorten exercise, watch closely for overheating. Above 90°F: Avoid exercise; heatstroke risk is high. Also consider pavement temperature: At 86°F air temp, asphalt can reach 135°F enough to burn paws in seconds. Test surfaces with your hand before letting pets walk on them.

Generally no. Natural water sources can contain harmful bacteria (Giardia, Leptospirosis), parasites, toxins from algae blooms, or chemical runoff. Always carry sufficient clean water for your pet. If you must use natural sources, treat the water first: 1) Use a portable pet water filter. 2) Boil water for at least 1 minute. 3) Use water purification tablets designed for pets. 4) Carry electrolyte supplements if your pet does ingest questionable water. Watch for symptoms of waterborne illness: vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of appetite.

Start with backyard camping to acclimate your pet to tents and sleeping outdoors. Then: 1) Practice commands in distracting environments. 2) Get comfortable with all gear at home first. 3) Ensure your pet is current on flea/tick prevention and vaccinations. 4) Pack familiar items (bed, toys, bowls). 5) Research campground pet rules. 6) Plan for containment at the campsite (tie-out, crate, exercise pen). 7) Have a bad-weather plan. 8) Practice "leave it" command for campsite hazards. 9) Ensure proper identification is current. 10) Know the location of the nearest emergency vet.